Aviva Systems Biology Elisa Kit

Description: Description of target: SCFR(Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor), also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene. KIT was first described as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. The KIT gene is mapped on 4q12. Kit was expressed on the surface of germ cells up to the pachytene stage. Signaling from the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is essential for primordial germ cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. Determination of the KIT effectors acting in primordial germ cells has been hampered by the lack of effective methods to manipulate easily gene expression in these cells.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activated KIT also transmits signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. KIT signaling is modulated by protein phosphatases, and by rapid internalization and degradation of the receptor. Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation of the protein phosphatases PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPRU, and of the transcription factors STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, CBL, CRK (isoform Crk-II), LYN, MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, SRC and SHC1.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.2 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activated KIT also transmits signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. KIT signaling is modulated by protein phosphatases, and by rapid internalization and degradation of the receptor. Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation of the protein phosphatases PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPRU, and of the transcription factors STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, CBL, CRK (isoform Crk-II), LYN, MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, SRC and SHC1.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.083 ng/mL

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Description: Description of target: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. NEOMYCIN SULFATE is composed of neomycins A, B, and C. It acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Tissue	30 ppb
Honey	30 ppb

Description: Description of target: Gentamicin is a complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity: _x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D_

Component	Amount
Tissue	6 ppb
Liver	10 ppb
Milk	15 ppb
Serum	6 ppb

Description: Description of target: Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, interferes with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Honey	1 ppb
Milk	2 ppb
Tissue,Egg	2 ppb
Water	0.5 ppb

Description: Description of target: Chloramphenicol is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from Streptomyces venequelae with primarily bacteriostatic activity. Chloramphenicol diffuses through the bacterial cell wall and reversibly binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. The binding interferes with peptidyl transferase activity, thereby prevents transfer of amino acids to the growing peptide chains and blocks peptide bond formation. As a result bacterial protein synthesis is blocked and impede bacterial cell proliferation.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Tissue,Liver,Honey,Milk	0.025 ppb
Egg	0.1 ppb
Urine,Serum,Plasma	0.05 ppb
Intestine,Feed,Milk powder	0.05 ppb

Description: Description of target: Florfenicol is a fluorinated synthetic analog of thiamphenicol, mainly used in veterinary medicine.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Tissue	1 ppb
Liver	1 ppb
Honey	1 ppb

Description: Description of target: Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Tissue,Liver	3 ppb
Honey	1.5 ppb

Description: Description of target: Nitroimidazole antibiotics have been used to combat anaerobic bacterial and parasitic infections.[3] Perhaps the most common example is metronidazole. Other heterocycles such as nitrothiazoles (thiazole) are also used for this purpose. Nitroheterocycles may be reductively activated in hypoxic cells, and then undergo redox recycling or decompose to toxic products.[;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Honey	0.1 ppb
Poultry,Liver	0.1 ppb
fish,shrimp	0.1 ppb

Description: Description of target: Trichothecenes are a very large family of chemically related mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys. Trichothecenes belong to sesquiterpene compounds. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are: the 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxyl or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain. They are produced on many different grains like wheat, oats or maize by various Fusarium species such as F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Peanut, Corn	24 ppb
Oats, Soybean, Feed	24 ppb
Wheat	20 ppb

Description: Description of target: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514);Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity:

Component	Amount
Tissue	0.1 ppb
Liver	0.1 ppb
Honey, milk	0.1 ppb
Intestine	0.1 ppb

Description: Description of target: cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the cell membrane. It is involved in the activation of protein kinases and regulates the effects of adrenaline and glucagon. cAMP also binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1. cAMP is synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)-protein-coupled receptors and inhibited by agonists of adenylyl cyclase inhibitory G (Gi)-protein-coupled receptors. Liver adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.096nmol/L

Description: Description of target: Pentosidine is a biomarker for advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. It is a well characterized and easily detected member of this large class of compounds.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.51 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: erum Cholygllycine (Cholygllycine, CG) is a combination of secondary bile acids with glycine conjugated bile acids, in liver cells, cholesterol, after its complex enzymatic reaction, turn into the primary bile acid. Cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (the CD-CA). Bile acid steroid nucleus three hydroxyl groups (C3, C7, C12), the side chain hydroxyl at the end of the peptide bond and glycine combined with a molecular weight of 462u. CG normal metabolic pathways of the intestine - liver circulation, CG synthesized by hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, bile duct discharged into the gall bladder, along with the bile into the duodenum to help digestion of food. 95% of bile acid reabsorption in the distal ileum, come back to the liver via the portal vein, and uptake by the liver cells to re-use. Exist in the form of protein binding in serum, the total amount of overflow into the systemic circulation is less than 1%. Under normal circumstances, bile acid content in the peripheral blood, leaving little room for normal adults, whether fasting or postprandial serum CG concentration stabilized at a low level. When liver cells are damaged, the liver cell uptake CG capacity decreased, resulting in increased CG content in the blood; cholestasis, liver excretion of bile acids that barriers to reflux of blood circulation increased CG content, but also to the blood CG levels increased. Therefore, the determination of serum glycocholic acid (SCG) by ELISA method is a sensitive indicator to evaluate the function of liver cells and their hepatobiliary material circulation. Normal serum Cholygllycine: 1.3 ± 0.8mg / L, range 0.4 to 2.98mg / L, and the low limit of the hepatitis diagnosis <3.18mg / L ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.5 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: 5-Dehydroepiandrosterone (5-DHEA) is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans. DHEA has been implicated in a broad range of biological effects in humans and other mammals. It acts on the androgen receptor both directly and through its metabolites, which include androstenediol and androstenedione, which can undergo further conversion to produce the androgen testosterone and the estrogens, including estrone, estradiol, and estriol. DHEA is also a potent sigma-1 agonist. It is considered a neurosteroid. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.091 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone, commonly abbreviated to DHT) is an androgen or male sex hormone. The enzyme 5alpha-reductase synthesises DHT in the prostate, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands. This enzyme reduces the 4,5 double-bond of the hormone testosterone. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.058 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4), a form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination and covalent bonding of the phenyl portions of tyrosine residues found in an initial peptide, thyroglobulin, which is secreted into thyroid granules. These iodinated diphenyl compounds are cleaved from their peptide backbone upon being stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.0975 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: The L-triiodothyronine (T3, liothyronine) thyroid hormone is normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than L-tetraiodothyronine (T4, levothyroxine, L-thyroxine). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 35 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body. Estriol (E3) is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta from 16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16-OH DHEAS), an androgen steroid made in the fetal liver and adrenal glands. The human placenta produces pregnenolone and progesterone from circulating cholesterol. Pregnenolone is converted in the fetal adrenal gland into dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a C19 steroid, then subsequently sulfonated to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). DHEAS is converted to 16-OH DHEAS in the fetal liver. The placenta converts 16-OH DHEAS to estriol, and is the predominant site of estriol synthesis.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.34 ng/mL